child custody statistics by gender uk child custody statistics by gender uk

, Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. Court custody includes those remanded in custody at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who may also have been given bail or not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. A BBC report suggested that in 2011 men accounted for just 8% of the UK's single parents. Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. , Data are from the most recently published Homicide in England and Wales, 2018/19. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. You have rejected additional cookies. There are some depressing statistics in this regard: 83% of sole-custody awards go to women. Females reported that it was harder for family and friend to visit them in prison (this may be due to there being fewer female prisons so the average distance from home is greater). Instances of self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3, compared to 4.4 for males. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. , Data is from CSEW 2019 annual supplementary tables. Youth custody report for February 2016 published. In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. A lower proportion of females paid their PNDs in full (47%) compared to males (51%) and had a slightly higher proportion of fines registered (36% compared to 35%). Prison law comprised less than 1% of the female and 3% of the male workload; both proportions have remained steady in the last 5 years but reflect falling prison population figures. The majority (85%) of arrests continue to be accounted for by males in 2019/20. Of all females sentenced in 2019, Black female offenders had the highest custody rate[footnote 75] at 23%. Figure 4.04: Percentage of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by offence and sex, 2019. June 28, 2018. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. There was an increase in the number of females prosecuted for violence against the person offences. The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019. Of all ethnic groups, both White female and White male offenders had the highest conviction ratios[footnote 72] for indictable offences at 84% and 85%, respectively, a trend that has remained broadly stable since 2015. In 2017, the aggregate amount of child support that was expected for receipt was $30 billion; 62% of that amount was actually received, averaging $3,431 per custodial parent. A higher proportion of female children were remanded on bail (72%) than male children (38%). , Proven reoffending statistics are reported based on cohorts of offenders who are released from custody, received a non-custodial conviction at court, or received a caution within a three-month period. , Fast Delivery PSR (written) Normally completed on day of request and must be completed within 5 days. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 1999 October 2002 In the spring of 2000, an estimated 13.5 million parents had custody of 21.7 million children under 21 years of age whose other parent lived somewhere else. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. In 2019, offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions comprised 25% of all offenders, 89% of offenders were male, compared to the 11% who were female. Figure 7.02 Conviction ratios for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. The indictable offences for which the highest numbers of female offenders were sentenced in 2019 were: Theft from shops (9600 were sentenced, 3% of all sentences given to female offenders in 2019); Assault of an emergency worker (2700 sentenced); Fraud by false representation: cheque, plastic card and online bank accounts (940 sentenced); Possession of a Class A drug (870 sentenced); and. Estimates for the year 2019 to March 2020 were therefore unaffected by the lockdown restrictions. A higher proportion of female prisoners self-harmed in 2019. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. 41% of females received a suspended sentence for this offence, compared with 20% of males. TV licence evasion made up 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. The proportion issued to females has slightly decreased over the last 5 years, from 24% in 2015. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. , Fixed period exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded from a school for a set period of time. Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. Conveyance of drugs or weapons into or out of prison females made up 53% of 324 convictions in 2019, up 8 pp since 2015. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. Of all cautions issued in 2019, 55% were for indictable offences, a proportion which has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 49% in 2015. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. Females accounted for 15% of arrests, unchanged since 2015/16. In 2019, 46% of children remanded at Crown Court for indictable offences were remanded in custody. The custody rate for this offence was lower for female offenders (19%) than for males (26%). Compared to males, a significantly higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. , Where sex is known. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. The main source of referral was police custody, accounting for 72% of males and 73% of females referred to liaison and diversion services. The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. In general, the higher the proportion of students who received FSM, the higher the severity of the disposal category. , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. The difference was greatest amongst those receiving fines, where a greater proportion of young females attained this level (22%) than the young male group (15%). The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. This report is also accompanied by an infographic summarising key findings. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. In 2019, the custody rate for these offences was 46% for females and 72% for males. A huge 40% of married American households feature a woman who is a primary breadwinner, but only 3% of American spousal support arrangements are paid to ex-husbands. , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. The custody rate for male offenders was highest for Chinese and Other at 37%. Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. The remains . Although we explore differences between sexes, it is important that inferences are not made about individuals from group-level data since we consider averaged outcomes that do not take into consideration the unique sub-set of circumstances in each case. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2020 publication, the quoted figures cover all court judges, i.e. Young male offenders had a higher proportion with SEN with a statement[footnote 105] overall (17%), compared to young female offenders (7%). To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. The only exceptions are when we are deliberately discussing all aged offenders. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. In 2019, 15% of the total crime lower legal aid workload was for female clients and this proportion has remained stable over the last 5-year period[footnote 41]. For both young males and young females in the matched cohort, those who were sentenced to custody for 12 months or less had the lowest proportion attaining 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G. Figure 7.08 shows that across most disposal types, a greater proportion of young females attained this level than young males. Divorce Rate by Gender; The Rate of Divorce by Age; . , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. You can change your cookie settings at any time. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. , For 2014/15, following SEND reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. This chapter looks at the interaction between sex and other key characteristics throughout the Criminal Justice System including, ethnicity, age, offending history, and reoffending. Report and data for December 2017 published. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of females were given suspended sentences. The main source of referral was the police, accounting for 60% of male and 68% of female young people. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. TV licence evasion was the most common offence for which females were convicted in 2019. Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. Figure 7.01 Proportion of prosecutions for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Youth custody data for December 2015 published. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. More than 500 lay people (59 percent men, 41 percent women) also were recruited online to take part in the study. Similar falls have been seen in the number of defendants prosecuted over the last 5 years when broken down by sex; the number of prosecutions for male defendants fell by 11% to 904,000 in 2019 and prosecutions for female defendants fell by 12% to 324,000 in 2019. , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. The most common offence group[footnote 29] for those engaged with liaison and diversion services was violence against the person, for which a larger proportion of females were being dealt with compared to males (29% compared to 22%). In general, females appear to be substantially underrepresented throughout the CJS compared with males. The total number of defendants in 2019 including those who fail to appear, companies and where gender is unknown was 1.44 million. As with adults, the most common offence group was violence against the person, for which 37% of female young people were being dealt with when referred to liaison and diversion services compared to 19% of male young people. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 who receiving Free School Meals, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.2), Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 104]. , The conviction ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of defendants convicted by the total number of defendants prosecuted in the same period. Similar proportions are seen in convictions. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. As with crime lower, there has been a decreasing trend in the volume of crown court legal aid. In 2019/20, violence against the person and theft offences accounted for the largest proportion of arrests for both males and females. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. In 2019[footnote 43], the majority of defendants for triable-either-way cases that were sent to the Crown Court were sent on the direction of the magistrate (85%). Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Youth custody report for July 2014 published. The median offence to completion for all individual offence groups is higher for females than males except for violence against the person and theft offences. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. Across all disposals, a larger proportion of young males had a record of receiving a fixed period exclusion compared to young females. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the criminal justice system (CJS) by sex. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. A decrease in prosecutions was also seen for Class B drug offences (1,000 fewer), benefit fraud (1,500 fewer) and absconding from bail (1,200 fewer). Despite this, a higher proportion of females reported verbal abuse, threats and bullying from other prisoners. like child support and child custody, contested. Figure 3.02: Percentage of adults who were victims of violent crime, by age group, year ending March 2019. , Data from Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Data on victims of Domestic abuse in 2019/20 is discussed in more detail further into this chapter. It should be noted that because children comprise less than 10% of all offenders prosecuted for an indictable offence (where sex and age of the defendant is known), trends should be interpreted with caution. Newport, UK: Office for National Statistics. Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. Figure 6.02: Proportion of prisoners serving immediate custodial sentences by sentence length, sex, June 2019. In 2019, 50% of female offenders who were sentenced to custody received sentences of up to and including 3 months, compared to 31% of males and these proportions have been decreasing for both female and male offenders over the last 5 years. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. The average child support received by custodial parents as of 2017 was $3,431 per year.