Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. college students: 10-year population-level trends (20072017). Counselors could help university students benefit from attending to, appreciating, and attaining lifes positives (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009) and from enhancing the strength and frequency of employing positive coping strategies through targeted psychoeducational or counseling interventions. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. And having to stay home can be lonely. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. Mental Health Status and Coping among Portuguese Higher Education Students in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21212, Demerouti, E., van Eeuwijk, E., Snelder, M., & Wild, U. COVID-19 Flourishing (or well-being) is defined as a dynamic optimal state of psychosocial functioning that arises from functioning well across multiple psychosocial domains (Butler & Kern, 2016, p. 2). A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Internalizing and Externalizing Disorder Levels among Adolescents: Data from Poland. WebAlly parents are parents of trans* and nonbinary youth across the country who volunteer their time to support young people who may lack or not yet have parental support. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Worries about sickness, finances, and isolation, coping with grief from loss, and having less outside help have made parenting more stressful. Clarifying the relation of acculturative stress and anxiety/depressive symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity among Hispanic college students. Field, A. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Atria Books. 2020 Sep 17;22(9):e22817. Peter C. Mather, PhD, is a professor and department chair at Ohio University. Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006) indicated that practicing gratitude helps people to cope with negative situations because it enables them to view such situations through a more positive lens. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of PERMA elements before COVID-19. The aim of this study was to understand how the sudden changes and uncertainty resulting from the pandemic affected the well-being of university students during the early period of the pandemic. Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). Do something physical like dancing. The uncertainties arising from COVID-19 have added to anticipatory anxiety regarding the future (Ray, 2019; Witters & Harter, 2020). Engage your senses with hot baths or fragrant candles. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Frequent breaks can help you re-engage in your work. Gallagher RP. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Skills Perception towards E-learning and COVID-19 on the mental health status of university students in Malaysia. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Findings on the effectiveness of problem-focused coping strategies versus emotion-focused coping strategies suggest the effectiveness of the particular strategy is contingent on the context, with controllable issues being better addressed through problem-focused strategies, while emotion-focused strategies are more effective with circumstances that cannot be controlled (Finkelstein-Fox & Park, 2019). Mental health, risk perception, and coping strategies among 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. Indirect effects describing pathways from PsyCap factors to PERMA factors through identified coping strategies were tested for mediating roles. PMC Brief COPE Questionnaire A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. OH Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Cluster analysis for strategies of. Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. Published 2022. Prior to COVID-19, self-efficacy and optimism were the two major psychological resources that predicted university student well-being. Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. The first pillar, positive emotion (P), is the affective component comprising the feelings of joy, hope, pleasure, rapture, happiness, and contentment. School child wearing face mask during corona virus and flu outbreak. Northwestern University. Data were collected online in May and June 2020 using Qualtrics after obtaining approval from the IRBs of our respective universities. 10.1007/s12144-020-01304-z The uncertainty about what comes next. The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. (2010). 10.3390/ijerph18010355 Soothing the nervous system, by taking care of the body, can help to bring us back to a healthier place. 216.368.2000 Students use of religious coping (mean) and sources of expected support during the, Fig 8. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Psychological capital development: Toward a micro-intervention. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Skills (2015). Stumbling on happiness. 8600 Rockville Pike Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. Accessibility (F. Luthans et al., 2015, p. 2). Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered several social and psychological consequences, such as anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout. After a thorough review of the literature, three standardized measures were identified for use in the study along with a brief survey for demographic information. As teachers, it is essential to listen to students' concerns and demonstrate understanding as well as empathy. B., & Everette James, A. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. P = Positive Emotion, during COVID-19 As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. (2020, April 14). Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813517003, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2012). (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. 405415). Careers. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. Penguin. The results allow for concluding that the students' maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. Point-biserial correlation Stress associated with adapting to online learning presented particular challenges for students who did not have adequate internet access in their homes (Hoover, 2020). -. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. The questionnaire included items related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education classification, and employment status. Priscilla Rose Prasath, Peter C. Mather, Christine Suniti Bhat, Justine K. James. Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). Note. 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.054 Future researchers should consider issues of internal consistency as they choose scales and interpret results. Evaluation of stress and coping skills of nursing students during a You might have lost funding or your job. Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives. Before Both courses trained students to respond to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives incidents. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106, Deaton, A. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. Hearing about the pandemic can be upsetting. In future, researchers may wish to investigate whether PsyCap predicts longitudinal changes in well-being in the COVID-19 context. Recently, the use of positive psychology smartphone apps such as Happify and resilience-building video games such as SuperBetter have been suggested and tested as motivational tools, especially with younger adults, to foster sustained and continued engagement with PsyCap development (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017; McGonigal, 2015). The effect size of the change in the scores of individual PERMA elements ranged between 12.1% and 32.5%. 2023. The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011). Int J Environ Res Public Health. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic as a College Student Cut through misinformation by relying on reputable sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. of this manuscript. student during coping Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. Try to get in at least one physical activity each day. Methods: This article used narrative literature review to explore literature review from the following databases namely Web of Science, Google, COVID-19 has impacted every aspect of life around the world. Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267. (2012). The aim of this study was to assess the levels of depression, coping skills, and quality of life and their correlates among a sample of Jordanian adults aged 18 years during the COVID-19 lockdown implemented in Jordan. Mental Health of Students at Polish Universities after Two Years of the Outbreak of COVID-19. B. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Best Colleges (April 20, 2020). Another thing you cant control? Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 339366. These patterns are primarily driven by those with more negative experiences of the pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355217702136. Coping Through the Coronavirus. Madhyastha, S., Latha, K. S., & Kamath, A. -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. Asian American University Students Adjustment, Coping, and Wiley. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Your classmates have probably scattered. Students use of self-blame (mean), Fig 9. PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success. Prior to exploring the role of PsyCap and coping strategies on change in well-being due to COVID-19, an initial analysis was conducted to understand the characteristics and relationships of constructs in the study. Think about how you can honor what youve achieved. Using a sample of professional traders, we find a significant decrease in agreeableness and locus of control and a moderate decrease in grit. (2011). Researchers have also examined the mediating role of PsyCap in the relationship between positive emotion and academic performance (Carmona-Halty et al., 2019; Hazan Liran & Miller, 2019; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012; K. W. Luthans et al., 2016); relationships and predictions between PsyCap and mental health in university students (Selvaraj & Bhat, 2018); and relationships between PsyCap, well-being, and coping (Rabenu et al., 2017). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800332, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Avey, J. Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping, positive reframing, and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being. Breathing exercises - Psychologist Dr. Karen Treisman leads you through a variety of quick, effective exercises to soothe the nervous system: Houseparty App: a free social networking service that allows groups to play games together virtually. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 191199. Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Version (PCQ-12) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3, Hoover, E. (2020). Indirect Effect of Psychological Capital on PERMA Factors Through Coping Strategies (Mediators), Note. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352, Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). The International Association of Counseling Services, Inc., 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 (M = 27.36, SD = 9.9). Fig 2. Reduction in Well-Being Related to COVID-19 COVID-19 has led to global dramatic shifts in daily life. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. Cleveland, (PDF) STUDENT ENGAGEMENT, CHALLENGES AND COPING No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. COVID-19 Coping Strategies - Case Western Reserve University Get up, go to bed and do your work at the same time every day. Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i2.855, Lipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). ), Handbook of emotions (pp. Oxford Economic Papers, 64(1), 126. But during COVID-19, the relevance of self-efficacy in predicting PERMA elements was limited to controllable factorsrelationships, meaning, and physical healthand the predictive role of self-efficacy overall was no longer significant (see Table 2). If family members are distracting you, use I statements to explain the problem--Im worried about my exam next weekand work together to develop solutions. A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.46.4.877, Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). Physical Activity and Mental Health of Medical Students from Poland and Belarus-Countries with Different Restrictive Approaches during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Research Question 3 Visualizations can help you calm down, detach from whats stressing you, and reduce your bodys stress response. -, Wirkus , Babicka-Wirkus A, Opora R, Stasiak K. Burnout among Probation Officers in Poland and the Role of Preferred Styles of Coping with Stress. WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. All of these changes may have influenced students health Disengagement coping includes responses such as avoidance, denial, and wishful thinking, as well as aspects of emotion-focused coping, because it involves an attempt to escape feelings of distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010; de la Fuente et al., 2020). To avoid being overwhelmed, set limits on your media consumption and smartphone use. Risk perceptions, fear, depression, anxiety, stress and coping among Saudi nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). As the students collaborated with one another, they gained greater appreciation for one anothers disciplines and unique skill sets, Johnson-Huff said. College Quarterly, 16(1). On the other hand, self-blame and behavioral disengagement were two problematic coping strategies that mediated the relationship between optimism and all PERMA elements. PERMA-Profiler Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. All of these changes may have influenced students health In this context, positive coping strategies and PsyCap may be increasingly valuable assets for university students to address the psychological challenges associated with this pandemic and to maintain or enhance their well-being. Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. Simon & Schuster. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Youth can https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). Justine K. James, PhD, is an assistant professor at University College in Kerala, India. Transition Back to School Students substance use (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19 pandemic, Fig 9. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. Grieve those losses, then reframe how you think about these life events. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. https://doi.org/10.2196/20185, Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures Similarly, approach coping strategies such as active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance (Carver, 1997) were resilient strategies to handle pandemic stress whereas using emotional support and planning showed weaker but significant roles.