Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. /Parent 2 0 R Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Rt. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Asst. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE ! +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. 2. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). You are welcome dear reader. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. This is because most of the power (financial and. Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. 74 . It is our pleasure. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Excellent, thanks a lot f Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. stream By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. stream The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. He rejects the assertion that Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. << In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. The states were later increased to 30 states. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. (PDF) Federalism in Nigeria -Problems, Prospects and the Imperative of This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . /F1 6 0 R All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. /F5 18 0 R Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of /F3 12 0 R Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. endobj Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Federalism in India. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. %PDF-1.5 /Contents 4 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. 7 Topics . The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. What is federalism? Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. All rights reserved. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. %PDF-1.5 Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject.